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Indonesian Trade and Investment

Investment Reflections in Indonesia

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia enacted the Investment Coordinating Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal-BKPM) in 1973 to assist the President of the Republic of Indonesia in formulating national policies on Investment. This board is responsible for the planning, promotion licensing, control and evaluation of investments. Incooperation with Regional Investment Coordination Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Daerah - BKPMD) and other related agencies, it also undertakes the supervision of investment projects, and provides advises to solve difficulties faced during the period of implementation.

Since 1985, it has progressively liberalized both its trade and foreign investment policies. Foreign direct investment has in most cases proven to be a stroger way to the develop outward-looking industries than infant industry protection policies under the inward-looking approach.

Approval for foreign investment can be obtained in Indonesia either through the BKPM office in Jakara or the BKPMD office in every Province, and also through Representative Office of the Republic of Indonesia all over the world such as Indonesian Embassies, Consulate Generals and Consulates. Following the evaluation process, the Chairman of BKPM or Head of Corresponding representative of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia or the Chairman of BKPMD will issue the investment approval. To implement an approved investment project, the BKPM or the BKPMD will issue the following permits / licenses as proposed by the investors: customs approval letter, limited importer license (APIT), foreign manpower plan approval (RPTKA); and permanent business license (IUT).

Under the current regulation, a foreign capital investment (PMA) company is granted a 30 year period to operate after establishment. During this time, if an additional investment to the original were undertaken, then a further 30 year period would be granted for the project. It is also possible to extend the termination by another 30 year.

A foreign capital investment (PMA) company is generally considered to be a joint venture between foreign and Indonesian partners either as corporation partnership or individual partnership. There are no specific requirements on the minimum amount of investment as the parties concerned are left to determine their sums. In practice, the investment approval board requires minimum capital of US $ 25.000. The PMA company may also be established as fully owned by the foreign investor. However, no later than 15 years of its commercial operation, some of it shares must be divested to Indonesians through the local stock exchange.

Engineering Technical Job Functions

Industrial Process

Industrial safety system

Safety Layer Protection.

An industrial safety system is a countermeasure crucial in any hazardous plants such as oil and gasnuclear plants. They are used to protect human, plant, and environment in case the process goes beyond the control margins. As the name suggests, these systems are not intended for controlling the process itself but rather protection. Process control is performed by means of process control systems (PCS) and is interlocked by the safety systems so that immediate actions are taken should the process control systems fail. plants and

Process control and safety systems are usually merged under one system, called Integrated Control and Safety System (ICSS). Industrial safety systems typically use dedicated systems that are SIL 2SIL 1. SIL applies to both hardware and software requirements such as cards, processors redundancy and voting functions. certified at minimum; whereas control systems can start with

Contents 1 Types of industrial safety systems 1.1 SSS 1.2 FGS 2 ESD 3 EDP 4 PSV 5 Examples of Safety Systems and vendors 6 References

Types of industrial safety systems

There are three main types of industrial safety systems in process industry

• Process Safety System or Process Shutdown System, (PSS).
• Safety Shutdown System (SSS): This includes Emergency Shutdown-(ESD) and Emergency Depressurization-(EDP) Systems.
• Fire and Gas System (FGS).

These systems may also be redefined in terms of ESD/EDP levels as:

• ESD level 1: In charge of general plant area shutdown, can activate ESD level 2 if necessary. This level can only be activated from main control room in the process industrial plants.
• ESD level 2: This level shuts down and isolates individual ESD zones and activates if necessary EDP.
• ESD level 3: provides "liquid inventory containment" and is

SSS

The safety shutdown system shall shutdown the facilities to a safe state in case of an emergency situation, thus protecting personnel, the environment and the asset. Safety Shutdown System shall manage all inputs and outputs relative to Emergency Shut Down (ESD) functions (environment & personnel protection). This system might also be fed by signals from the main fire and gas system.

FGS

The main objectives of the fire and gas system are to protect personnel, environment, and plant (including equipment and structures). The FGS shall achieve these objectives by:

• Detecting at an early stage, the presence of flammable gas,
• Detecting at an early stage, the liquid spill (LPG and LNG),
• Detecting incipient fire and the presence of fire,
• Providing automatic and/or facilities for manual activation of the fire protection system as required,
• Initiating signals, both audible and visible as required, to warn of the detected hazards,
• Initiating automatic shutdown of equipment and ventilation if 2 out of 2 or 2 out of 3 detectors
• Initiating the exhausting system.

ESD & EDP

Due to closing ESD valves in a process, there may be some trapped flammable fluids, and these must be released in order to avoid any undesired consequences (such as pressure increase in vessels and piping). For this, emergency depressurization (EDP) systems are used in conjunction with the ESD systems to release (to a safe location and in a safe manner) such trapped fluids.

 

PSV

Pressure safety valves or PSVs are mechanical devices and are usually used as a final safety solution when all previous systems fail to prevent any further pressure accumulation and protect vessels from rupture due to overpressure.

Examples of Safety Systems and vendors

1. Trusted, AADVance by ICS Triplex, a Rockwell Automation company

2. Prosafe RS by Yokogawa Electric Corporation

3. Safety Manager by Honeywell

4. HIMAX System by HIMA

5. Triconex by Invensys

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_safety_system

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