Quotes

A good scientist is a person with original ideas. A good engineer is a person who makes a design that works with as few original ideas as possible. There are no prima donnas in engineering.
Freeman Dyson

Indonesian Trade and Investment

Investment Reflections in Indonesia

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia enacted the Investment Coordinating Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal-BKPM) in 1973 to assist the President of the Republic of Indonesia in formulating national policies on Investment. This board is responsible for the planning, promotion licensing, control and evaluation of investments. Incooperation with Regional Investment Coordination Board (Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Daerah - BKPMD) and other related agencies, it also undertakes the supervision of investment projects, and provides advises to solve difficulties faced during the period of implementation.

Since 1985, it has progressively liberalized both its trade and foreign investment policies. Foreign direct investment has in most cases proven to be a stroger way to the develop outward-looking industries than infant industry protection policies under the inward-looking approach.

Approval for foreign investment can be obtained in Indonesia either through the BKPM office in Jakara or the BKPMD office in every Province, and also through Representative Office of the Republic of Indonesia all over the world such as Indonesian Embassies, Consulate Generals and Consulates. Following the evaluation process, the Chairman of BKPM or Head of Corresponding representative of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia or the Chairman of BKPMD will issue the investment approval. To implement an approved investment project, the BKPM or the BKPMD will issue the following permits / licenses as proposed by the investors: customs approval letter, limited importer license (APIT), foreign manpower plan approval (RPTKA); and permanent business license (IUT).

Under the current regulation, a foreign capital investment (PMA) company is granted a 30 year period to operate after establishment. During this time, if an additional investment to the original were undertaken, then a further 30 year period would be granted for the project. It is also possible to extend the termination by another 30 year.

A foreign capital investment (PMA) company is generally considered to be a joint venture between foreign and Indonesian partners either as corporation partnership or individual partnership. There are no specific requirements on the minimum amount of investment as the parties concerned are left to determine their sums. In practice, the investment approval board requires minimum capital of US $ 25.000. The PMA company may also be established as fully owned by the foreign investor. However, no later than 15 years of its commercial operation, some of it shares must be divested to Indonesians through the local stock exchange.

Engineering Technical Job Functions

Industrial Process

Industrial safety system

Safety Layer Protection.

An industrial safety system is a countermeasure crucial in any hazardous plants such as oil and gasnuclear plants. They are used to protect human, plant, and environment in case the process goes beyond the control margins. As the name suggests, these systems are not intended for controlling the process itself but rather protection. Process control is performed by means of process control systems (PCS) and is interlocked by the safety systems so that immediate actions are taken should the process control systems fail. plants and

Process control and safety systems are usually merged under one system, called Integrated Control and Safety System (ICSS). Industrial safety systems typically use dedicated systems that are SIL 2SIL 1. SIL applies to both hardware and software requirements such as cards, processors redundancy and voting functions. certified at minimum; whereas control systems can start with

Contents 1 Types of industrial safety systems 1.1 SSS 1.2 FGS 2 ESD 3 EDP 4 PSV 5 Examples of Safety Systems and vendors 6 References

Types of industrial safety systems

There are three main types of industrial safety systems in process industry

• Process Safety System or Process Shutdown System, (PSS).
• Safety Shutdown System (SSS): This includes Emergency Shutdown-(ESD) and Emergency Depressurization-(EDP) Systems.
• Fire and Gas System (FGS).

These systems may also be redefined in terms of ESD/EDP levels as:

• ESD level 1: In charge of general plant area shutdown, can activate ESD level 2 if necessary. This level can only be activated from main control room in the process industrial plants.
• ESD level 2: This level shuts down and isolates individual ESD zones and activates if necessary EDP.
• ESD level 3: provides "liquid inventory containment" and is

SSS

The safety shutdown system shall shutdown the facilities to a safe state in case of an emergency situation, thus protecting personnel, the environment and the asset. Safety Shutdown System shall manage all inputs and outputs relative to Emergency Shut Down (ESD) functions (environment & personnel protection). This system might also be fed by signals from the main fire and gas system.

FGS

The main objectives of the fire and gas system are to protect personnel, environment, and plant (including equipment and structures). The FGS shall achieve these objectives by:

• Detecting at an early stage, the presence of flammable gas,
• Detecting at an early stage, the liquid spill (LPG and LNG),
• Detecting incipient fire and the presence of fire,
• Providing automatic and/or facilities for manual activation of the fire protection system as required,
• Initiating signals, both audible and visible as required, to warn of the detected hazards,
• Initiating automatic shutdown of equipment and ventilation if 2 out of 2 or 2 out of 3 detectors
• Initiating the exhausting system.

ESD & EDP

Due to closing ESD valves in a process, there may be some trapped flammable fluids, and these must be released in order to avoid any undesired consequences (such as pressure increase in vessels and piping). For this, emergency depressurization (EDP) systems are used in conjunction with the ESD systems to release (to a safe location and in a safe manner) such trapped fluids.

 

PSV

Pressure safety valves or PSVs are mechanical devices and are usually used as a final safety solution when all previous systems fail to prevent any further pressure accumulation and protect vessels from rupture due to overpressure.

Examples of Safety Systems and vendors

1. Trusted, AADVance by ICS Triplex, a Rockwell Automation company

2. Prosafe RS by Yokogawa Electric Corporation

3. Safety Manager by Honeywell

4. HIMAX System by HIMA

5. Triconex by Invensys

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_safety_system

Why Industrial Engineering is the best

How Industrial Engineering ?

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineers determine the most effective ways to use the basic factors of production—people, machines, materials, information, and energy -- to make a product or provide a service.

They are concerned primarily with increasing productivity through the management of people, methods of business organization, and technology.

To maximize efficiency, industrial engineers study product requirements carefully and then design manufacturing and information systems to meet those requirements with the help of mathematical methods and models.

They develop management control systems to aid in financial planning and cost analysis, and they design production planning and control systems to coordinate activities and ensure product quality.

They also design or improve systems for the physical distribution of goods and services and determine the most efficient plant locations. Industrial engineers develop wage and salary administration systems and job evaluation programs. Many industrial engineers move into management positions because the work is closely related to the work of managers.

The work of health and safety engineers is similar to that of industrial engineers in that they deal with the entire production process. Health and safety engineers promote worksite or product safety and health by applying knowledge of industrial processes, as well as mechanical, chemical, and psychological principles. They must be able to anticipate, recognize, and evaluate hazardous conditions as well as develop hazard control methods. They also must be familiar with the application of health and safety regulations.

http://www.careercornerstone.org/industrial/industrial.htm

What IEs Do

Industrial engineering is about choices. Other engineering disciplines apply skills to very specific areas. IE gives practitioners the opportunity to work in a variety of businesses. Many practitioners say that an industrial engineering education offers the best of both worlds: an education in both engineering and business. The most distinctive aspect of industrial engineering is the flexibility it offers. Whether it’s shortening a rollercoaster line, streamlining an operating room, distributing products worldwide, or manufacturing superior automobiles, these challenges share the common goal of saving companies money and increasing efficiencies. As companies adopt management philosophies of continuous productivity and quality improvement to survive in the increasingly competitive world market, the need for industrial engineers is growing. Why? Industrial engineers are the only engineering professionals trained specifically to be productivity and quality improvement specialists. Industrial engineers figure out how to do things better. They engineer processes and systems that improve quality and productivity. They work to eliminate waste of time, money, materials, energy and other commodities. This is why many industrial engineers end up being promoted into management positions. Many people are misled by the term industrial engineer. It’s not just about manufacturing. It also encompasses service industries, with many IEs employed in entertainment industries, shipping and logistics businesses, and health care organizations. The benefits of industrial engineering are widespread as indicated in three different slide shows. IIE overview of the profession  What IEs do in different industries  IE job description: Boeing IEs make processes better in the following ways: More efficient and more profitable business practices Better customer service and product quality Improved efficiency Increased ability to do more with less Making work safer, faster, easier, and more rewarding Helping companies produce more products quickly Making the world safer through better designed products Reducing costs associated with new technologies   www.iienet2.org

Quotes

" Engineering is the professional and systematic application of science to the efficient utilization of natural resources to produce wealth. "

 

T.J Hoover and J. C. L. Fish 1941

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineering is a field, which concerns the design, improvement and installation of an integrated system of people, material, equipment, energy and technology. The American Institute of Industrial Engineers (AIIE) further defines that it draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems. Industrial engineering is thus concerned with bringing together and effective utilization of various resources to facilitate efficient production operation. Effective utilization of resources means that input to the production-operation system-such as people, material, information and equipment are used in right way so that they form an integrated combination to meet production/operation objectives. Efficient production/ operation systems are those systems which score high on norms of actual performance.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Industrial engineering has developed in the past 250 years. Five different phases of industrial engineering have almost passed. These phases are:

Phase 1: Pre-Industrial Revolution Era (up to early 1800s)

Phase 2: Industrial Revolution (early 1800s to late 1800s)

Phase 3: Scientific Management Phase (1890 to 1940)

Phase 4: Operations Research and Quantitative Phase (late 1940s to early 1980s)

Phase 5: Automation and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Phase (since early 1980s)

The future trend is towards more automation, computer controlled manufacturing, information handling through computers, and integration of manufacturing systems.

Pre Industrial Revolution Era

Prior to industrial revolution in early 1800s, there was focus on hand operated manufacturing activity. India was a major player in global trade. There are evidences that India had trading relations with her neighboring countries. However, there was no focused factory concept. Mostly, handicraft, agriculture products, etc, dominated the trade. Globally, the major developments were:

1774: James Watt developed the steam engine

1776: Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and advocated the concept of division of labor, skill development, specialization etc.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Author:   Lewis Hackett  Date: 1992

Industrialization: The First Phase

 

Most products people in the industrialized nations use today are turned out swiftly by the process of mass production, by people (and sometimes, robots) working on assembly lines using power-driven machines. People of ancient and medieval times had no such products. They had to spend long, tedious hours of hand labor even on simple objects. The energy, or power, they employed in work came almost wholly from their own and animals' muscles. The Industrial Revolution is the name given the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture.

About the time of the American Revolution, the people of England began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. A little later they invented locomotives. Productivity began a spectacular climb. By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread gradually throughout Europe and to the United States.

Changes That Led to the Revolution

The most important of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system.

It is almost impossible to imagine what the world would be like if the effects of the Industrial Revolution were swept away. Electric lights would go out. Automobiles and airplanes would vanish. Telephones, radios, and television would disappear Most of the abundant stocks on the shelves of department stores would be gone. The children of the poor would have little or no schooling and would work from dawn to dark on the farm or in the home. Before machines were invented, work by children as well as by adults was needed in order to provide enough food, clothing, and shelter for all.

The Industrial Revolution came gradually. It happened in a short span of time, however, when measured against the centuries people had worked entirely by hand. Until John Kay invented the flying shuttle in 1733 and James Hargreaves the spinning jenny 31 years later, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years. By 1800 a host of new and faster processes were in use in both manufacture and transportation.

News From the Advertising Industry

¶Mike’s Hard Lemonade Company, Seattle, part of the Mark Anthony Group, selected Grey New York — part of the Grey unit of the Grey Group, owned by WPP — as its creative agency. The assignment, with spending estimated at $10 million, had been handled by the New York office of Arnold Worldwide, part of the Havas Worldwide unit of Havas, which did not participate in a review for the account.
¶Wal-Mart Stores, Bentonville, Ark., shifted its digital account to the Martin Agency, Richmond, Va., part of the Interpublic Group of Companies, from another Interpublic agency, R/GA, New York. Billings were not disclosed. Martin is already the creative agency for Wal-Mart, which described the decision as a consolidation.
¶Sony Ericsson, the mobile phone marketer, chose PHD, part of the Omnicom Media Group unit of the Omnicom Group, to handle its media planning and buying account. The account, with spending estimated at $200 million, had been handled by MEC, part of the GroupM unit of WPP. Sony Ericsson is a joint venture of Sony and Ericsson, which recently said they would end the partnership as Sony buys the Ericsson ownership stake.
People
¶Neil White, senior vice president at BBDO Minneapolis, was promoted to president and chief creative officer, succeeding Denny Haley, who is retiring, the agency said. BBDO Minneapolis is part of the BBDO North America unit of BBDO Worldwide, which is owned by the Omnicom Group.
¶John Shea joined the entertainment and digital networks and integrated media division of NBCUniversal, New York, part of Comcast, in a new post, executive vice president and chief marketing officer for integrated media, reporting to Lauren Zalaznick, chairwoman of the division. Mr. Shea also received a so-called first look development deal with NBCUniversal for programming ideas. Mr. Shea had been leading Gameworks, a co-venture between the Universal unit of NBCUniversal and DreamWorks; he is best known for his long career at MTV Networks, part of Viacom, working on cable channels like Logo, MTV and VH1 as well as Web sites.
Miscellany
¶Eight media and newspaper companies formed a joint venture to acquire Find n Save, a search engine that specializes in online deals in local markets. Financial terms were not disclosed. The partners are the Washington Post Company, the MediaNews Group, McClatchy, Hearst, Gannett, the Cox Media Group, A. H. Belo and Advance Digital, part of Advance Publications.
¶Marina Maher Communications, New York, a public relations agency that specializes in marketing to women, was acquired by the Omnicom Group, New York. Financial terms were not disclosed. The agency, which was founded in 1983 and has 109 employees, will be an autonomous unit of the Diversified Agency Services unit of Omnicom; it will continue to be led by Marina Maher, chief executive.
¶Mobile Interactive Group, London, was acquired by Velti, Jersey, Channel Islands, which also has offices in cities like San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York. Velti will pay $25 million, of which $20 million will be in cash, and up to an additional $34 million by 2013 depending on the performance of Mobile Interactive.
¶One Club for Art and Copy, New York, will induct additional members into its Creative Hall of Fame and begin an Educator’s Hall of Fame. The new members of the Creative Hall of Fame are Paula Green, a pioneer for women in advertising; Steven P. Jobs, the late co-founder and chairman of Apple; and Joe Pytka, the commercial director and producer. The first member of the Educator’s Hall of Fame is Robert Lawton, a co-founder of Creative Circus, Atlanta. The new honorees will be inducted on Jan. 17.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/21/business/news-from-the-advertising-industry.html

Supply Chain Management

Definitions

More common and accepted definitions of supply chain management are:

• managing upstream and down stream value added flow of materials,final goods and related information amoung suppliers;company;resellers;final consumers is supply chain management.

• Supply chain management is the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole (Mentzer et al., 2001).

• A customer focused definition is given by Hines (2004:p76) "Supply chain strategies require a total systems view of the linkages in the chain that work together efficiently to create customer satisfaction at the end point of delivery to the consumer. As a consequence costs must be lowered throughout the chain by driving out unnecessary costs and focusing attention on adding value. Throughout efficiency must be increased, bottlenecks removed and performance measurement must focus on total systems efficiency and equitable reward distribution to those in the supply chain adding value. The supply chain system must be responsive to customer requirements.

Activities/functions

Supply chain management is a cross-function approach including managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and the movement of finished goods out of the organization and toward the end-consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they reduce their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect is to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts. The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and the velocity of inventory movement.

Importance of supply chain management

Organizations increasingly find that they must rely on effective supply chains, or networks, to compete in the global market and networked economy. In Peter Drucker's (1998) new management paradigms, this concept of business relationships extends beyond traditional enterprise boundaries and seeks to organize entire business processes throughout a value chain of multiple companies.

In the 21st century, changes in the business environment have contributed to the development of supply chain networks. First, as an outcome of globalization and the proliferation of multinational companies, joint ventures, strategic alliances and business partnerships, significant success factors were identified, complementing the earlier "Just-In-Time", "Lean Manufacturing" and "Agile Manufacturing" practices.Second, technological changes, particularly the dramatic fall in information communication costs, which are a significant component of transaction costs, have led to changes in coordination among the members of the supply chain network (Coase, 1998).

Supply chain management

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers (Harland, 1996). Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain).

Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the "design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally."

A Basic Video to help understands Supply chain management

Quotes

" A man may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on. "

John F. Kennedy

LEAN

LEAN SIX SIGMA

~ LEAN?
Lean or which can be also called Lean Manufacturing is a method / systematic strategy that optimizes the production of a product to continue to make improvements in the production process and by identifying and eliminating the factors causing waste (waste). That way, the waste (waste) can be minimized so that the flow values ​​can be run smoothly, so that time becomes more efficient production.

~ Six Sigma?
Six Sigma is a systematic method to focus the objective is to maintain the consistency of a production process. Moreover, it also aims to make the process better and keeping these standards did not decline.

Lean approach has the goal of eliminating waste in a process and expediting the flow of material, and also trying to develop information continuously. While the six sigma approach aims to control and improve the quality of the process, but by reducing the amount of variation of the process.

Meaning of Lean Six Sigma itself is a business model that uses a systematic and systemic approach and aims to identify and eliminate waste through increased performance and continuous flow of products from internal and external customers. Lean six sigma focuses on process improvement through the data, so that we can find the cause of the problem.

In the application of Lean Six Sigma to the holding of a training in order to achieve optimal results. The benefits of lean six sigma training are:
1. Able to measure the achievement of self and team work
2. Able to understand and implement phases of Lean Six Sigma is used in daily activities to be the best
3. Improve the ability to build knowledge and skills as strengths.
4. Increasing the role of staff in achieving success.

Some of the data and the size of the reference used in Lean Six Sigma: [Geor04]:
• Customer satisfaction (a measure result): required data in the form of survey data or interviews about the things that customers want the product or service.
• Financial Outcomes (a result measure): used to see the influence of an issue against the benefits, costs, revenues, etc..
• Speed ​​or lead time (result or process measure): used to determine how fast the work done by the company to produce a product or service.
• Quality / defect (result or process measure): data on how many mistakes made by the company in producing goods or services, because the resulting product will affect the company's customer satisfaction.

Ergonomic left handed

Traditinal Vs Modern

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

Ergonomics was born in the 1940s in western countries. At the beginning of its development, the ergonomics are not so well known or popular in the world of industry, especially in developing countries. But now science has developed and implemented ergonomic with very broad, especially in developing countries.

Ergonomic science is the study of humans with the work environment. In the ergonomic

may provide some solutions to human problems with the work environment, such as high levels of losses in the industry, tingginnya level of workplace accidents due to the low quality of labor welfare, low income and working efficiency, and so on. The main goal of ergonomics is to increase productivity, efficiency and effectiveness.

The scope of the science of ergonomics covers a very broad aspects, namely, among others:
- technique
- Physical
- Experience psychic
- anthropometric
- Anatomy, especially those related to the strength and movement of muscles and joints
- Sociology
- Physiology, especially those related to body temperature,
- Design, etc.

Based on field investigations, ergonomics can be grouped into four areas of inquiry, such as follows:
1. Investigations On Display: an interface that presents and communicates information about the circumstances to humans, in the form of numbers, signs, symbols and so on. This information is presented in the form of static and dynamic. Static map of a region, and dynamic variables that can describe the changes with time.
2. About the Human Investigations Physical Strength: In this study the investigation of activities, how to measure human activities at work, and work equipment design tailored to the human physical abilities.
3. About the size of Workplace Investigations: Aiming to get a good workplace in accordance with the dimensions of the human body, human capabilities and limitations.
4. About the Environmental Working investigation: Investigate the condition of the human work environment, such as temperature, noise, light settings, vibration, and others.

From what has been discussed, it can be concluded that the ergonomics are very important and very necessary in the industrial world. Because by applying ergonomics within the scope of the industry, especially between humans and the work environment, can create a productive working system, comfortable, safe, and in accordance with the abilities and physical condition of man. So produkitivitas in the industry will be achieved.